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اقدامات مدیریت
These management practices provide managers and executives with proven means to transform man- agement knowledge into action steps and initiatives that help organizations function more smoothly and achieve and maintain long term sustainability .
With the increasing trend toward globalization in many organizations, therefore, there is a concomi- tant increase in the study of management practices in different countries and how they relate to organi- zational effectiveness.
By looking at management styles and techniques that work well in different venues, it is possible to gain insight into which management is- sues are universal and how local culture and condi- tions require adaptation of management practices.
In addition, this approach cannot account for differences in man- agement style or effectiveness within a given country because it rests in part on the assumption that orga- nizations operating at the same level of industrializa- tion would have similar management practices.
The issue of continued skill development and training must also be addressed in personnel policies, management practice, and in the IT budget (Erbschloe, 2003).
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